Resourcing Defense Cooperation in Europe Amidst Russia's War in Ukraine: Implications of Reforms to Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution Processes for Multinational Collaboration

Part of a wider body of RAND research into prospective reforms of the U.S. Department of Defense's planning, programming, budgeting, and execution (PPBE) processes, this report highlights the role that allied PPBE–like mechanisms play in enabling or frustrating collaboration across the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization amid a deteriorating threat environment.